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M A Y 2 0 2 1 a s h r a e . o r g A S H R A E J O U R N A L 2 3 overlays an augmented digitally generated layer of infor- mation. This creates a digitally immersive experience in the physical world, said Gulledge. "Picture standing inside a new mechanical room under construction, for example, and projecting the entire MEP configuration layout onto the target zone, reflecting selected work results to be performed. Better yet, take a view of the installed pump later and have all performance and operating conditions overlaid to the element being viewed," he said. Using AR in the Building and HVAC&R Industry In the building and HVAC&R industry, "AR can be used in different phases of a project," Ghorbani said. "It can be leveraged to make design decisions in various stages of the design. It can also be used to help maintenance workers in various ways," she said. Gulledge said AR can enhance productivity through- out the design, construction and operational phases. "Proficient use of these tools affords us the ability to eliminate waste in the solution delivery supply chain. The virtual building can be projected to the physical world to enhance quality, improve flow and reduce rework," he said. Design AR can be used to visualize design models and infor- mation during the design process, said Messner. Using an AR headset, an HVAC&R designer can view either a scaled model of an HVAC&R design and review that design with others, or they can use a full-scale view of the model (similar to virtual reality). Or, they can use mobile or tablet devices to do similar tasks but at a smaller scale. In the future, designers will be able to go into a space and sketch out a design in the real-world by using a selection of design elements, said Messner. If the model is part of a Digital Twin, the designer could then query the model to find the tem- perature of different areas and which valves are turned off. And, Lawver says, AR can help HVAC&R designers working on retrofit projects. They can use the tech- nology to see the existing space and what they have to work with. Messner said Penn State has used AR in other parts of the design process, such as having people virtually experience the buildings prior to construction. Lawver said the technology's mobility also allows for different stakeholders to work on and review the designs together but remotely. Gulledge said using a virtual approach to design HVAC&R systems allows AR to improve coordination of building systems and assist with the execution of work results in the field. "Having smart information in the building model affords us the opportunity to project precise digital representation of work results into any physical setting. We literally can 'see' where upper-level attachments get installed, where through penetrations occur, how facility services components interact with facility con- struction," he said. "Design virtually before building physically." P H OTO 1 AR technology, including headsets, can help facilities managers train their staff. With them, they can also have access to more data, and the technol- ogy can help building owners with QA/ QC processes. CREDIT: TRIMBLE, ONSITE3D P H OTO 2 With AR an HVAC design engineer can design a system for a project by looking at a full-scale model that shows the designer where every piece of ductwork and piping is in the entire building. CREDIT: TRIMBLE, JUNGBIM INDUSTRY 4.0

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